ABSTRACT
Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious and non-contagious disease of compulsory notification which may affect domestic and wild ruminants, transmitted by Culicoides spp. midges. Despite the high morbidity and mortality in sheep, role of wild animals in the BT cycle remains unclear. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) have been reportedly found in goats and sheep, but not described in wildlife species. Accordingly, serum samples from 17 captive Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) from Curitiba zoo, southern Brazil, were tested for bluetongue, caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna viruses by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies for bluetongue were observed in 6/17 (35.3%) Barbary sheep by AGID test and in 7/17 (41.2%) by ELISA. All samples were negative for the presence of antibodies against caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna viruses. These findings indicate that Barbary sheep may be infected by bluetongue virus and act as wildlife reservoir in both captive and free-range environments.(AU)
A língua azul é uma doença infecciosa e não contagiosa, de notificação obrigatória, que pode afetar ruminantes domésticos e silvestres, transmitida por mosquitos do gênero Culicoides spp. Apesar da alta morbidade e mortalidade em ovelhas, o papel de animais silvestres no ciclo do vírus da língua azul é desconhecido. A artrite encefalite caprina (CAE) e Maedi-visna vírus (MVV) tem sido encontrados em cabras e ovelhas, porém não há descrição em espécies selvagens. Amostras de soro de 17 aoudads (Ammotragus lervia), mantidos em cativeiro no Zoológico de Curitiba, Sul do Brasil, foram testadas para os vírus da língua azul, da artrite encefalite caprina (CAE) e Maedi-visna, utilizando imunodifusão em gel de ágar e o teste de ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Foram observados anticorpos para o vírus da língua azul em 35,3% (6/17) aoudads utilizando a imunodifusão em gel de ágar e 41,2% (7/17) no ELISA. Todas as amostras foram negativas para a presença de anticorpos contra os vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e Maedi-visna. Esses resultados indicam que os aoudads podem ser infectados pelo vírus da língua azul e atuar como um reservatório silvestre tanto em cativeiro quanto em vida livre.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Ruminants/virology , Ceratopogonidae/pathogenicity , Visna-maedi virus/pathogenicity , Louping IllABSTRACT
Las dificultades del sueño son altamente prevalentes en los estudiantes de medicina, por lo que es necesario contar con mayor evidencia acerca de cómo sus hábitos contribuyen sobre la calidad del mismo. Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación entre algunos hábitos de salud y tener dificultad en el sueño en alumnos de medicina de primer año. Diseño: Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Participantes: Alumnos de primer año de medicina. Intervenciones: Estudio en 572 alumnos de primer año de medicina con edad promedio de 18,6 años, 37% hombres, de una institución educativa pública de México, seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizó tres preguntas de la Symptom Check List (SCL90) para considerar dificultad del sueño y 18 preguntas correspondientes al apartado II del Perfil de Estrés de Nowack para evaluar los hábitos de salud. Mediante regresiones logísticas simples, se obtuvo los odds ratio (OR) de los hábitos de salud con respecto a la presencia/ausencia de dificultad del sueño. Principales medidas de resultados: Hábitos de sueño. Resultados: Los hábitos como alta promoción del descanso-sueño (OR=0,15; IC=0,04 a 0,64) y alta prevención del riesgo (OR=0,59; IC=0,41 a 0,86) se asociaron 95%95% a la ausencia de dificultad del sueño. Conclusiones: Pese a que la promoción del descanso sueño fue el hábito menos comunicado por los estudiantes, estuvo asociado a la ausencia de dificultad del sueño con respecto a otros hábitos de salud.
Medical students have a high percentage of poor sleepers; more evidence on how health habits contribute to sleep better in this population is needed. Objectives: To identify the association of some health habits with presence/absence of sleep difficulties in medical freshmen. Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Participants: Medical students. Interventions: The presence/absence of sleep difficulties was assessed by three items from the Symptom Check List (SCL90) in 572 medical students 18.6 year-old (SD±2.7) average, 37% men and 63% women. Sleep-related habits were determined by 18 items from the Nowack Stress Profile. Main outcome measures: Sleep habits. Results: Simple analyses showed that absence of sleep difficulties was associated with the "high promotion of restsleep" (OR=0.15; CI95%=0.04-0.64) and "high risk prevention" (OR=0.59; CI95%=0.41-0.86). Conclusions: The "promotion of rest-sleep" was the least reported habit by students, but explained absence of sleep difficulties better than other health habits.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo del estudio fue describir las dificultades del sueño en estudiantes de Medicina de primer año de una institución pública en la Ciudad de México, en relación con algunos síntomas psicológicos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 572 alumnos de primer año de Medicina, quienes fueron evaluados mediante la Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). Un 3.5% de los estudiantes manifestó tener muchas dificultades para conciliar el sueño, 6.3% para mantenerlo y 11.4% despertaban muy temprano. Las dificultades del sueño se asociaron en forma significativa con todas las dimensiones de psicopatología. Sus mejores predictores fueron la ansiedad, la hostilidad y la sensibilidad interpersonal. Se concluye que los síntomas asociados a tensión, enojo, preocupación, hiperactivación cognitiva e hipervigilancia son los mejores predictores para las dificultades del sueño en esta población.
The purpose of this study was to describe sleep difficulties in first year medical students associated with psychopathological symptoms. A cross-sectional study in 572 Medicine students, who were assessed by the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), was performed. A 3.5% of students reported having a hard time sleeping, 6.3% had difficulty staying asleep and 11.4% waking up very early. Sleep difficulties were significantly associated with all psychopathological symptoms. The best predictors of sleep difficulties were anxiety, hostility and interpersonal sensitivity. In conclusion, the symptoms associated with stress, anger, worry, cognitive hyperarousal and hypervigilance are the best predictors for sleep difficulties in this population.